Sailing is a passion, but also a responsibility. Encountering a boat in distress that asks for help can happen to anyone. Here’s a practical guide to handle the situation promptly and safely, turning a moment of crisis into an act of maritime solidarity.

The sea is vast, but the sailing community is united by an invisible thread of mutual assistance. If you regularly sail, sooner or later you will face a scene that requires your intervention: another boat experiencing a breakdown or a crew in difficulty. What should you do in these cases? The answer is a mix of preparation, caution, and knowledge of maritime rules.

Caution first: Assess the situation

Approaching a boat that appears to be in danger requires a calm mind. Analyze the situation carefully: listen for distress signals via radio, observe the boat and its occupants closely, and make sure help is actually needed. Approach cautiously, maintaining a safe distance.

Ask if they need assistance without attempting to board. If the boat appears abandoned but clearly in an emergency situation, do not go aboard: the best course of action is to alert the rescue services immediately and wait for their arrival.

The alarm: How to call for help

In Italy, the number to contact the Coast Guard is 1530—a reference every sailor should have on hand. Alternatively, use a VHF radio. If the situation is critical, use the “Mayday” signal on channel 16, repeating the word three times, followed by your vessel’s name, your position, the nature of the emergency, the type of assistance required, the number of people on board, and whether there are any injuries. Speak clearly and slowly, repeating the information if necessary.

Remember, channel 16 is reserved for emergencies, so use it responsibly. While the VHF radio is the primary tool, a mobile phone can be a useful backup, provided there is network coverage.

Life jackets: A life-saving gesture

A breakdown, a fire, or running aground: in these situations, the priority is to evacuate people from the vessel in danger. Personal flotation devices (PFDs) become essential. Although every boat is required to carry them on board, there may be cases where they are insufficient or completely missing. Having spare life jackets on board can make a difference, allowing people to reach your vessel safely, provided there is enough space on board.

Do not put your crew at risk

Solidarity is a fundamental value, but it should never compromise the safety of your boat and crew. Do not overload your boat with too many passengers and always maintain a safe distance from the vessel in distress, especially in bad weather. If you have taken people on board or are towing another boat, always inform the maritime authorities.

In the event of a capsized boat, do not intervene unless you are certain there are people who need help. Approach from leeward, paying attention to the propeller and submerged sails, which could compromise your vessel’s safety.

Distress signals: Do not ignore them

Orange flags, smoke signals, SOS emergency lights, red flares: these are all unmistakable signs of a distress call. Do not ignore them! The same applies to horns and whistles. The law requires you to provide assistance if you are able, always ensuring your own safety. Approach carefully and contact the vessel by radio.

Emergency towing: A delicate operation

If you decide to tow another vessel, ensure that the towing hooks are solid and securely fastened. Use strong, appropriately sized ropes. Proceed at low speed, maintaining a safe distance between the two vessels to synchronize movements with the waves. Never attempt to tow a vessel larger than your own.

Stay calm: The key to effective action

In emergency situations, remaining calm is essential. Do not panic, especially in a man-overboard situation. Do not jump in immediately to rescue someone, as their thrashing could put you at risk. Throw a flotation device, approach as closely as possible with your boat, and assist the person on board.

Finally, when taking people aboard, exchange contact information. You will still need to report the incident to the maritime authorities, so having the details of those you rescued is essential. Remember, sailing is a challenge, but also an opportunity to demonstrate the solidarity and cooperative spirit that define the sailing community.

Photo credits opening image: Oyster Yachts.

 

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